As a first post CB you blotted your copy book by quoting from Skeptical Science.
Even hardened warmist climate scientists wince at Skeptical Science as their first object is to subtly distort any science so as to reflect that CAGW is occurring plus alter and delete, as has been testified many times, any posts that dare to question their claims. Nobody except dyed in the wool warmists uses them as a reference source anymore.
And as usual with the warmists, a claim is made without ANY back up data or evidence and then demand, contrary to all scientific practice, that the skeptics prove the claim is wrong.
In science it is beholden that the scientists or those making the claim must provide the data and evidence backing that claim and outline the means of arriving at that conclusion so others can check the claim and replicate the results to verify the claim.
But not your run of the mill global warmers. They are above long accepted scientific practices.
Water vapour is THE greenhouse gas. CO2 is secondary to the role of water vapour in keeping this planet at a habitable temperature for life to exist.
But as nobody has figured out how to control water vapour and how to penalise humans for putting more or less WV into the atmosphere so CO2 has conveniently become the big bogey for the warmistas.
The climate sensitivity of CO2 alone and without any positive feedbacks is about [ and still not settled after 25 years and a few hundred million dollars being spent on the research ] 1C to 1.2 C for a doubling of the current levels of CO2 of 390 ppm,
Repeat; that is without any positive feedbacks included such as water vapour.
Add the current levels of water vapour as a "positive" feedback ie; increasing the warming effects of the CO2 and that then supposedly about doubles the increase or "climate sensitivity" of CO2. Again after hundreds of millions of dollars and 25 years with models and research the answers on the accurate climate sensitivity numbers are still not known within some 3 or 4 degrees. The climate sensitivity which the IPCC has brought down to about 2.4C to 4.5 C from a top of a ridiculous 6.4 C with a suggested figure of about 3C being the Climate Sensitivity number for CO2 plus it's positive feedbacks.
But a lot of researchers are now starting to suggest that the climate sensitivity figure may be closer to 1C to 2.4 C with a probable figure around 1.2 C or even less at which it becomes impossible to differentiate from the background noise and of course means that the whole case for CAGW just collapses and an entire global warming / climate change alarmist industry loses any reason to exist.
The climate models all predict an increase in the levels of humidity or more water vapour in the upper atmosphere.
This out put of all the IPCC models led to the very heavily publicised claim up to a couple of years ago that the appearance of a "Hot Spot" about ten kilometres up above the equator due to greenhouse effect of the model predicted increase in water vapour content in that upper troposphere area would indicate that global warming was really under way.
It was even stated by now seen as grossly overconfident warmist scientists that if the Hot Spot did not appear then there was no global warming, a claim that obviously has disappeared and has been buried they hope.
We are still all waiting for any evidence at all that such a HotSpot has been located or even that it will appear.
What has happened appears to be directly the opposite of the model's predictions.
The water vapor levels above the 850 HpA level [ about 5000 feet ] are not rising and maybe are even declining. This of course leads to less feedback effect and therefore less or even a negative feedback where the warming of the CO2 is negated by the decline in the WV greenhouse warming effect in the upper atmosphere.
The satellites in fact are detecting a significant cooling of the upper atmosphere in recent years in a direct contradictory of the claims and outputs of the climate model predictions.
Below the 850 Hpa levels, in the convective layer, WV is apparently increasing leading to more low level cloud cover, warmer nights as the higher water vapour levels [ tropical nights with their high water vapour / high humidity are always warmer than the southern low humidity nights which allow heat energy / radiation to returnto spabce with little to impede it and so a rapid night cooling effect ] and low cloud traps the heat but cooler days as the increased low cloud cover has a higher albedo; ie reflects a lot more solar radiation back into space and therefore at ground level it is cooler.
High level clouds can trap heat or can also transmit heat energy allowing it to reradiate back into space and that also is another unknown with big consequences.
It is hypothesized that high level equatorial clouds appear to do both but on a cyclic basis over a period of a possible 30 day cycle.
A recent paper for you to read ;
Trends in middle- and upper-level tropospheric humidity from NCEP reanalysis data Some considerable length quotes follow from
"Climate Warming Science"&
Water Vapor / Humidity Implications for the GHG Based Global Warming Theory including the URL's of the peer reviewed papers from which this information is sourced.
Water Vapor
Increasing atmospheric CO2 does not by itself result in significant warming. The climate models assume a significant positive feedback of increased water vapor in order to amplify the CO2 effect and achieve the future warming reported by the IPCC.
Paltridge et al: “Water vapor feedback in climate models is large and positive (Bony et al. 2006). The various model representations and parameterizations of convection, turbulent transfer, and deposition of latent heat generally maintain a more-or-less constant relative humidity (i.e., an increasing specific humidity q) at all levels in the troposphere as the planet warms. The increasing q amplifies the response of surface temperature to increasing CO2 by a factor of 2 or more.” (Paltridge et al: “Trends in middle- and upper-level tropospheric humidity from NCEP reanalysis data”, Theoretical Applied Climatology 2009, [http://www.theclimatescam.se/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/paltridgearkingpook.pdf])
According to the models, as the Earth warms more water evaporates from the ocean, and the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases. Since water vapor is the main greenhouse gas, this leads to a further increase in the atmospheric temperature. The models assume that changes in temperature and water vapor will result in a constant relative humidity (i.e. as temperatures increase, the specific humidity increases, keeping the relative humidity constant. This is one of the most controversial aspects of the models. Studies have contradictory findings regarding this. Models that include water vapor feedback with constant relative humidity predict the Earth's surface will warm more than twice as much over the next 100 years as models that contain no water vapor feedback. The water vapor feedback issue is a crucial one since without the feedback, not only are the models wrong, there can be no significant warming.
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Problems With IPCC Models
According to the IPCC [http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter3.pdf] “Water vapour is also the most important gaseous source of infrared opacity in the atmosphere, accounting for about 60% of the natural greenhouse effect for clear skies, and provides the largest positive feedback in model projections of climate change.“
A 2004 NASA study using satellite humidity data found that “The increases in water vapor with warmer temperatures are not large enough to maintain a constant relative humidity” resulting in overestimation of temperature increase. [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0315humidity.html]
Roger Pielke provides a brief summary of the issue [http://climatesci.org/2007/12/18/climate-metric-reality-check-3-evidence-for-a-lack-of-water-vapor-feedback-on-the-regional-scale/] as well as a link to a research paper that states: “atmospheric temperature and water vapor trends do not follow the conjecture of constant relative humidity”.
The following figure is from the study. “A comparison of tropical temperature trends with model predictions”, by Douglass, D.H., J.R. Christy, B.D. Pearson, and S.F. Singer, 2007 - International Journal of Climatology. [http://www.scribd.com/doc/904914/A-comparison-of-tropical-temperature-trends-with-model-predictions] comparing the climate models to observations from satellites and balloons (1979-2004).The models exhibit the CO2 theory characteristic of most warming occurring in the troposphere. However, the satellite and balloon based observations show warming only at the surface of the earth. The report stated: “Model results and observed temperature trends are in disagreement in most of the tropical troposphere, being separated by more than twice the uncertainty of the model mean. … On the whole, the evidence indicates that model trends in the troposphere are very likely inconsistent with observations that indicate that, since 1979, there is no significant long-term amplification factor relative to the surface. If these results continue to be supported, then future projections of temperature change, as depicted in the present suite of climate models, are likely too high.”